? and the Mysterians (or
Question Mark and the Mysterians) are an American
garage rock band
[6] from
Bay City and
Saginaw in
Michigan, initially active between 1962 and 1969. Much of the band's music consisted of
electric organ-driven garage rock and an enigmatic image inspired by the 1957 Japanese science fiction film
The Mysterians.
[7] In addition, the band's sound was also marked by the raw, resonating lead vocals of "?" (Question Mark, the stage name of Rudy Martínez),
[2][3][4] making Question Mark and the Mysterians one of the earliest groups whose musical style is described as
punk rock. Their music and imagery were highly influential on later bands.
[8]
The band members were children of Mexican
migrant farmers who settled in Michigan. The original trio, consisting of Larry Borjas (guitar), Robert Martinez (drums), and Bobby Balderrama (lead guitar), encountered one another and were motivated by
surf rock bands and instrumentalists like
Link Wray and
Duane Eddy to form a group in 1962.
[12] The band played locally with the same lineup until the influence of the
British Invasion with groups stressing lead vocals and dynamic stage performances. Rudy Martinez, aka Question Mark, was known for his dancing ability and was suggested to the band as he was Robert Martinez's brother.
[13] Question Mark was an eccentric figure, publicly stating that his soul had originated from Mars and that he once walked on Earth with the dinosaurs. "?" quickly cemented himself as the group's creative force, and they began to develop a blend of gritty
rock and roll and
pop rock with a repertoire that encompassed compositions penned by
the Beatles and
the Rolling Stones. To correspond with the new lineup, the band took the name ? and the Mysterians, which was inspired by the 1957 science fiction film
The Mysterians.
[14] When the band recruited keyboard player Frank Rodriguez, who was a part of another local group, the Trespassers, it was pivotal in Question Mark and the Mysterians' overall sound, especially in their song "
96 Tears".
[13]
In February 1966, the band auditioned for an independent record label, resulting in the demos "Are You For Real?" and "I'll Be Back", which were only released later and boasted for their very good sound quality in the 1999 album
More Action.
[14] Afterwards, Larry Borjas and Robert Martinez received draft notices and opted to enlist to avoid being sent to Vietnam. The remaining band members continued while Rodriguez improvised an organ
riff, and "?" introduced a composition he had been developing for a while in his head. Auditioning for a replacement drummer resulted in Eddie Serrato, originally trained in traditional Mexican music, joining the group. Frank Lugo played bass. With this lineup, Question Mark and the Mysterians recorded "96 Tears" along with "Midnight Hour" for the small Pa-Go-Go label, under label executive and record producer Lilly Gonzales who supervised the band at her
4-track recording studio in Bay City.
[15]